Back Tailored Access Operations Spanish عملیات دسترسی درخور Persian Tailored Access Operations French Tailored Access Operations Hungarian Tailored Access Operations Portuguese 特定入侵行動辦公室 Chinese
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| Abbreviation | TAO |
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| Formation | c. 1997–2001[1] |
| Type | Advanced persistent threat |
| Purpose | Cyberespionage, cyberwarfare |
| Headquarters | Fort Meade |
Region | United States |
| Methods | Zero-days, spyware |
Official language | English |
Parent organization | S3 Data Acquisition |
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 National Security Agency surveillance |
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The Office of Tailored Access Operations (TAO), now Computer Network Operations, and structured as S32,[1] is a cyber-warfare intelligence-gathering unit of the National Security Agency (NSA).[2] It has been active since at least 1998, possibly 1997, but was not named or structured as TAO until "the last days of 2000," according to General Michael Hayden.[3][4][5]
TAO identifies, monitors, infiltrates, and gathers intelligence on computer systems being used by entities foreign to the United States.[6][7][8][9]
- ^ Nakashima, Ellen (1 December 2017). "NSA employee who worked on hacking tools at home pleads guilty to spy charge". The Washington Post. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
- ^ Loleski, Steven (2018-10-18). "From cold to cyber warriors: the origins and expansion of NSA's Tailored Access Operations (TAO) to Shadow Brokers". Intelligence and National Security. 34 (1): 112–128. doi:10.1080/02684527.2018.1532627. ISSN 0268-4527. S2CID 158068358.
- ^ Hayden, Michael V. (23 February 2016). Playing to the Edge: American Intelligence in the Age of Terror. Penguin Press. ISBN 978-1594206566. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- ^ Aid, Matthew M. (10 June 2013). "Inside the NSA's Ultra-Secret China Hacking Group". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
- ^ Paterson, Andrea (30 August 2013). "The NSA has its own team of elite hackers". The Washington Post. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
- ^ Kingsbury, Alex (June 19, 2009). "The Secret History of the National Security Agency". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved 22 May 2013.
- ^ Kingsbury, Alex; Mulrine, Anna (November 18, 2009). "U.S. is Striking Back in the Global Cyberwar". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved 22 May 2013.
- ^ Riley, Michael (May 23, 2013). "How the U.S. Government Hacks the World". Bloomberg Businessweek. Archived from the original on May 25, 2013. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
- ^ Aid, Matthew M. (8 June 2010). The Secret Sentry: The Untold History of the National Security Agency. Bloomsbury USA. p. 311. ISBN 978-1-60819-096-6. Retrieved 22 May 2013.
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